TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pathophysiology : Tubercle bacilli are inhaled through respiratory system and are deposited in peripheral alveoli throughout lungs. Then the bacilli are drained to lymph nodes in the hilum & circulated throughout the body through blood stream.
Probable sites of deposition of bacilli are apices of lungs, kidneys, growing ends of bones, and other areas of low O2 tension.
Body's defence mechanism sets in and as a result granulomas are formed at the site of infection. If an immunity is inadequate overwhelming at the site of infection develops.
Sign and symptoms :
Primary or initial infection : No signs and symptoms. Incubation period is 4 to 8 weeks. Mild fever and malaise.
Pulmonary tuberculosis : Onset is insiduous. Fever to may occur in late afternoon or evening. Sweating in night is common general malaise, irrieability, weight loss productive cough with green-yellow sputum with blood. After cavitation highly infective material is expelled.
Pleuritic chest pain when infection spreads to pleurisy is due to inflammatory reaction. Lungs function is presented as pericardial effusion & caudiac tamponade.
Similarly, infection sites same inflammatory process occurs with cessation & liquifaction.
Miliary Tuberculosis is a massive dissamination of tubercle bacilli thro' out body. Death is certain if prompt treatment is not given.
The drugs used in TB :
Ethambutol
INH (Isoniazid)
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethionamide
Thiacrtazone
Stretomycin
Paraminosalicylic acid
Cycloserine.
Pathophysiology : Tubercle bacilli are inhaled through respiratory system and are deposited in peripheral alveoli throughout lungs. Then the bacilli are drained to lymph nodes in the hilum & circulated throughout the body through blood stream.
Probable sites of deposition of bacilli are apices of lungs, kidneys, growing ends of bones, and other areas of low O2 tension.
Body's defence mechanism sets in and as a result granulomas are formed at the site of infection. If an immunity is inadequate overwhelming at the site of infection develops.
Sign and symptoms :
Primary or initial infection : No signs and symptoms. Incubation period is 4 to 8 weeks. Mild fever and malaise.
Pulmonary tuberculosis : Onset is insiduous. Fever to may occur in late afternoon or evening. Sweating in night is common general malaise, irrieability, weight loss productive cough with green-yellow sputum with blood. After cavitation highly infective material is expelled.
Pleuritic chest pain when infection spreads to pleurisy is due to inflammatory reaction. Lungs function is presented as pericardial effusion & caudiac tamponade.
Similarly, infection sites same inflammatory process occurs with cessation & liquifaction.
Miliary Tuberculosis is a massive dissamination of tubercle bacilli thro' out body. Death is certain if prompt treatment is not given.
The drugs used in TB :
Ethambutol
INH (Isoniazid)
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethionamide
Thiacrtazone
Stretomycin
Paraminosalicylic acid
Cycloserine.
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